Basic Sciences (MD)

In a Doctor of Medicine (MD) program, the Basic Sciences constitute the core foundational knowledge essential for understanding clinical medicine and developing the skills needed for patient care. These disciplines are typically covered during the first two years of medical school and include:

1. Anatomy: The study of the structure of the human body, including gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy (histology), and embryology. This field provides detailed knowledge of the body's organs, tissues, and systems.

2. Physiology: The study of the functions and mechanisms of the human body. It covers how organs and systems work individually and collectively to maintain life and health.

3. Biochemistry: The study of the chemical processes within and related to living organisms. It includes understanding the molecular basis of disease, metabolism, and the biochemical pathways crucial for cellular function.

4. Pharmacology: The study of drugs and their effects on the human body. This includes understanding the mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, side effects, and interactions of various medications.

5. Microbiology: The study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, and their role in human disease. It covers principles of infection, immunity, and antimicrobial treatments.

6. Pathology: The study of disease mechanisms, including the causes, development, and effects of diseases. This includes understanding the structural and functional changes that occur in tissues and organs during disease.

7. Immunology: The study of the immune system and its role in defending against disease. It covers how the body detects and responds to pathogens and the principles of immunological disorders.

8. Genetics: The study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms. It includes understanding the genetic basis of disease and the role of genetics in diagnosis and treatment.

These Basic Sciences are integral to the MD curriculum as they provide the critical foundation for understanding the normal and pathological processes of the human body. Mastery of these subjects is essential for medical students to effectively diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases in their future clinical practice.